Benefits and Hazard of Radiation Free Essays

string(95) " produce anxiety but we often overlook the many beneficial uses to which radiation can be put\." SUBMITTED BY: Teresita C. Ojastro SUBMITTED TO: Mrs. Pilar M. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits and Hazard of Radiation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Macabinguil MALOH PROVINCIAL COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL DUMAGUETE CITY NEGROS ORIENTAL 6200 Mrs. Pilar M. Macabinguil ENGLISH IV Teacher MPCHS Madam: In partial fulfillment of the requirement in ENGLISH IV, I hereby present to you my term paper entitled â€Å"What is Radiation? † This term paper presents a research study on the importance about radiation and how it affects the whole world. In doing a research paper is a big task that must be given more efforts, time and patient. It will not be built without references. I always think of doing this not for the benefits for other but for my own. I learn to be more confident, more competitive and more initiative for I know I have my inspiration who gave me everything I need. The strength, courage, will and determination to conquer my goals in life and to finish my accomplishment as student. I was to give my best with the help of our almighty God. So madam, I hope that this term paper will merit your approval and prove to be satisfactory. Please consider my errors and I’m sorry for I disappointed to you. Respectfully yours, TERESITA C. OJASTRO ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Now, in behalf of such difficulties and trials, I would like to acknowledge the People who were re always there behind me and supported me in making this term Paper. Once and foremost, I would like to give especial thanks to our almighty God for He serves as my inspiration and great provider as well. He gives me strength to face me challenge that I’ve encountered. I to God who is too magnificent to grant the blessing I need. I hereby express my thanks to Mrs. Sandra Omongos for giving us opportunity to learn, for giving us information and knowledge in making this term paper. It helps a lot for us that if we already in college, we already know on how to make a research paper. Thank you very much madam for the effort in explaining to us everything. I also give thanks to my beloved parent, sister and brother, grandma, and auntie who really gives there supports, emotionally, physically, mentally, spiritually, and financially. I give those thanks as they are the best parent, aunties and uncle ever. With them, I grew graceful with to God. They are one of my inspirations in complying this research paper. Grateful thanks to my friends, classmates, parents, grandma, aunties and uncle, teacher as well, who were very kind to me, who courage me in this term paper. To my especial auntie Miss ANNABELLE OJASTRO who is always there, giving advice, help me to be strong and be a better person, Thank you very much. I shall never forget you. INTRODUTION We often associate the word radiation with sunlight, x-rays, and nuclear power plants. Radiation is simply energy travelling through space and sunlight is the most familiar of radiation. Life’s on earth has evolved and developed with an ever present background radiation. In fact, in both solar and nuclear radiation have always been there. Despite this people, fear this hazards that the application of nuclear radiations pose to human life and to the environment. The use of nuclear energy in power generation may have been temporarily shelved in our country due to the controversy in the mid-1980 but this does not make our country â€Å"Nuclei-free†. The controversy revolves mostly around the risks involved versus the benefits derived from these applications. However, for you to decide for or against the use of these applications, you will need to learn about radioactivity and nuclear energy. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. TITLE PAGE II. ENDORSEMENT LETTER III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV. INTRODUCTION V. TABLE OF CONTENTS VI. BODY OF TERM PAPER A. What is radiation? B. Types and Properties of Nuclear Radiation C. Radioactivity D. Discovery of Radioactivity E. Radioactive Isotopes F. Radioactive Half-Life G. The kinds of Radioactive Decay H. Radioactive Dating I. Two Methods use in Radioactive Dating J. Radiator Detector K. Radiation Application L. Food and Agriculture M. Diagnosis and Therapy N. Diagnostic use of Radioisotopes VII. CONCLUSION VIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY WHAT IS RADIATION? RADIATION- is the transfer of thermal energy space. Any object with thermal energy emits radiation. If you’ve travelled down roads on a very hot day, you may have been seen evidence of this radiation. The air just above the hot pavement shimmers and shakes as heats radiates from the surface. This radiation is very much like radio and television waves. Thermal energy transfer in the same way that radio and television signal travels from the broadcasting to your home. TYPES AND PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR RADIATION Scientist found three different kinds of radiation given off by isotopes of radioactive substances. These are the following: 1. ALPHA (? ) PARTICLE RADIATION- it consists of two protons and two neutrons, or, the nucleus of a helium atom. They carry a positive charge of +2e. It is a helium nucleus. Its penetrating power is not very great. It can be stopped by a thin sheet of paper. 2. BETA (? ) PARTICLE RADIATION- Beta radiation consists of electrons. A beta particle is emitted from the nucleus when a neutron becomes a proton and vice versa. 1 The beta particle carries a charge of + e. It is an electron created during the decay of a neutron nucleus. It can travel at nearly speed of light. The high speed of beta particle makes it more penetrating than an alpha particle 3. GAMMA(Y RAY PROTONS-It is form of high energy electromagnetic radiation that travels at the speed of light. A gamma ray is a bundle of light energy. It has the most penetrating radiation given off by radioactive elements and it’s not affected by magnetic fields. It has no electrical charge. RADIOACTIVITY Radioactivity is a spontaneous decay of atomic nuclei in the emission of particle and energy. Radiation and radioactivity are world’s that produce anxiety but we often overlook the many beneficial uses to which radiation can be put. You read "Benefits and Hazard of Radiation" in category "Papers" For instance, exposure to high energy radiation can cause cancer. Yet precisely the same sort of radiation can be useful in the diagnosis of cancer and even in the treatment of cancer. Light and heat rays from the sun are common forms of radiation. Energy is given off when electrons in an exiled atom jump from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. This energy is emitted in the following forms. X-ray, radiation, ultraviolet radiation or light. An atom becomes excited when energy is added to it. However, there are some substances which yield radiation. These are called radioactive substances and it comes from the nuclei of an atom. DISCOVERY OF RADIOACTIVITY In 1985, William Roentgens discovered x-rays are radiation produced when high energy electron hit a certain material. He also discovers that x-rays can generate by directing a cathodes ray (beam of fast electrons) against the wall of the glass tube. In 1986, a French scientist, Henry Becquerel did an experiment to determine whether fluorescent materials give off light as well as x-rays. Becquerel wrapped a photographic plate in a thick black paper. He placed a crystal of the fluorescent uranium salt on the top of the paper. Then, he exposed the set up to the sunlight. He found a foggy photographic film, confirming his prediction that his runny sulphate did emit radiation. RADIOATIVE ISOTOPES Isotopes are atoms whose nuclei have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. We distinguish between the different isotopes of hydrogen by 1H, 2H and 3H where the lower number is atomic number and the upper number is the atomic mass number. The common isotopes of hydrogen, 1 1H, is a table element. So is the isotopes 1 2H, called deuterium â€Å"Heavy Water† is the usually given to H2O in which 13H, called tritium, however, is unstable and undergoes beta decay. This is the radioactive. And some are not. RADIOACTIVE HALF-LIFE Radioactive isotopes decay at different rates. The radioactive Decay rate measured in terms of a characteristics time, the half-life. The Half-Life of the radioactive materials is the time required for half the atoms of radioactive isotopes of an element to decay. This term is also use to described Decay process in general. For example, Thorium-234 has a half-life of 24d. This mean that if we start with a 100g sample of TH-234, after 24d 50g will have changed into other atoms and 50g of Th-234 will remain. THE KINDS OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY Physicist who studied radioactive rocks and minerals discovered three kinds of radioactive decay, which are the following: 1. ALPHA DECAY Some radioactive decays involve the emission of a relatively large and massive practice compo red by two protons and two neutrons. Such as particle is exactly the same as the nucleus of helium, 4 atoms. It is called an alpha particle, and the process by which it is emitted is called alpha decay. It has an equation: ZAXZ-4A-4Y+24He Parent nucleus Daughter nucleus + particle (helium nucleus) 2. BETA DECAY The second kind of radioactive decays, called beta decay, involves the emission of the electron. In general for beta decay: ZAXZA+Y+-10e Parent nucleus Daughter nucleus + ? particle (electron) 3. GAMMA RADIATION The third kind radioactivity called gamma radiation is different from alpha and beta decay. A â€Å"gamma ray† is simply a generic term for a very energetic proton which is one unit of electromagnetic radiation. It is represented by: ZAXZAX+00y Parent nucleus Daughter nucleus + gamma particle All magnetic radiation comes from the acceleration of charge particles. That is happen in gamma radiation. RADIOACTIVE DATING An entirely different use of radioactivity is radioactive dating. Radioisotopes are used as â€Å"Nuclear Clocks† to determine the age of objects on an archaeological, geographical, and astronomical time sale. TWO METHODS USED IN RADIOACTIVE DATING . URANIUM DATING It is used to determine the age of the earth, the moon, or the solar system. Isotopes with the long half lives like U-238, U-235, Th-232, K-40 and Rb-87 are used. With this method, scientist has estimated the age of the oldest rock on the earth to be four billion years old. Since, Uranium has a very long half-life; the amount of lead produced by its decays over a period of thousands of y ears is virtually undetectable. That uranium dating not used relatively younger objects. 2. CARBON DATING It uses the decay of the carbon-14 isotope. Carbon dating techniques has become an indispensable tool for modern archaeologists. The age of artefacts from archaeological sites can be determining using carbon dating techniques. The oldest caves in Palawan were found to be around 40,000 years old by carbon dating. Carbon-14 is used in determining the age of once living things, to calculate the age of non-living things, Uranium dating is used. RADIATION DETECTORS Unlike visible lights, the presence of radioactive substances within and around us cannot be detected by our senses. The following are the radiation detector devices: . GEIGER COUNTER A Geiger counter consist of a central wire in a hollow metal cylinder filled with low pressure gas, an electrical voltage is applied across the cylinder and wire so that the wire is more positive than the cylinder. 2. CLOUD CHAMBER A cloud chamber shows a visible path or ionizing radiation in the form of Fog trails. It consists of cylindrical glass chamber close at the upper and by a glass window and at the lower and by a movable piston. 3. BUBBLE CHAMBER The particles trails seem in a bubble chamber are minute bubbles of gas in liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen is heated under pressure in a glass and stainless steel chamber to a point just short to boiling. 4. SCINTILLATION COUNTER A scintillation counter uses the fact that certain substances are easily excited in emit light and when charge particles are or gamma rays pass through them. Tiny flashes of light or scintillation are converted into electric signal by special photo-multiplier tubes. A scintillation counter can measure the energy of charged particles or gamma rays absorb the detector. Ordinary water, when highly purified, can serve as a scintillator. RADITION APPLICATION Today, scientists continue to look for applications of radioactivity and nuclear energy to benefits mankind. A. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Ionizing, radiation has been use for the several decades to produce new genetic lines of rice, sorghum, garlic, wheat, bananas, beans, avocado, and peppers. All of which are more resistant to rests and more adaptable to harsh climatic conditions. Aside from the used of radioisotopes is tracer studies, there at least three major areas where ionizing radiation is used in agriculture: 1. ) Mutation plant breeding, 2. ) Food irritation; and 3. Sterile infect technology. B. DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPHY Radiation is a powerful tool in medicine especially as an aid to diagnosis. In medical diagnosis the strategy in to keep the radiation dose as low as possible while gaining the most information. How is this possible? By using small amounts of short lived radioactive isotopes injected into the patient’s body. A technique called radio isotopic tracing. DIAGNOSI S USE OF RADIOISOTOPES 1. Bone and thyroid scan 2. Radio-immunoassay (RIA) Technique 3. Skeleton and heart muscles detectors Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat cancer. Treatment of cancers, the purpose is to cause damage particularly to cancer cells. CONCLUSION I conclude that making this term paper really requires effort, time, knowledge, and of course financial effort aspects. It is not easy task. It is very challenging for us, for me because through research in different sources, our knowledge will expand. And there is learning. I used to choose â€Å"Radiation† because I really want to know what it all is About, its benefits, and hazards, how it is related to our planet earth, and what is behind. As I go through, I learned some more and it helps me a lot. Coz I know in College, we were going to make this also. I was hesitating to make a research paper because I was thinking it’s hard to do. But when I try my best, I was proven myself wrong. It is important to make this Because I want to learn and besides it’s a requirement that should e accomplish. In the study of â€Å"RADIATION† I found of that there were kinds, Benefits and hazardous. At least we can aware of what is it all about. And now because I learn, So I am accomplishing now my term paper. BIBLIOGRAPHY Physics Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year. Philippines: SD Publication, Inc, 2004 Aldridge, Bill M. S, et. al. Science and Interaction. USA: Glencoe Division of Mc Millan/Mc Graw-Hill School Publishing Company, 1993. Buffa, Anthony J. And Wilson, Jerry D. Physics Fourth Edition. Singapore: Pearson Education, Inc. , 1994. Heath, Robert W. ; Macnaughton, Robert R. ; and Martindale, David G. Fundamentals of Physic. Canada: D. C. Health Canada Ltd. , 1979 Hewitt Paul G. Conceptual Physics, United States of America: Pearson Prentice Hall Inc. , 2006 Hewitt Paul G. Conceptual Physics Ninth Edition. USA: Pearson Education Inc. , 1956 Ocampo, Jorge R. And Santos, Gil Nonato C. General Science for High School. Rex Book Store, Inc. , 1963. Pabellon, Josetina L. , and Tubal , Gemelita C. Science and Technology for a Better Life Series. Physics Second Edition. Philippines: Duiva Scholastic Presk Inc. , 1995. Ronan, Colin A. The New Book of Knowledge. Canada; Grolier Incorporated, 2004. Salmorin, Lita M. Science and Technology Physics Updated Edition. Philippines: Abiva Publishing House, Inc. , 1995. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. Lita M. Salmon, Science and Technology Physic Updated Edition (Philippines: Aviva Publishing House, Inc. , 1995), p. 32. [ 3 ]. 2Bill Aldridge, M. S, et al. , Science Interactions (United states of America: Glencoe Division of Mc Milan/Mc Grew-Hell School Publishing Company, 1993), p. 176 [ 4 ]. Jerry D. Wilson and Anthony G. Buffer; Physics Fourth Edition (Singapore: Pearson Education, Inc. , 1994), p. 892. [ 5 ]. Colin A. Ronan, the New Book f knowledge (Canada: Grolier Incorporated, 2004), p. 42. [ 6 ]. Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics (United of America; Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006), p. 613. [ 7 ]. Robert W. Health, Rober R. Macnaughton and David G. Martinda, Fundamentals of Physics (Canada: D. C. Health CanadaLtd. 1979), p. 309. [ 8 ]. Gil Nonato C. Santod and George R. Ocampo, General Science for School (Philippines: REX Book Store, Inc. ,1963), p. 270. [ 9 ]. Ms. Sosefina L. Pabellon and Ms. Genelita B. Tubal, Science and Technology for a Better Life Series Physics second Edition (Phillipines: Divva Scholastic Press Inc. , 1995),p. 290 [ 10 ]. Paul G. Hewitt, Conceptual Physics, Ninth Edition (USA: Pearson Education Inc. , 1956), p. 643. [ 11 ]. Physics Science and Technology textbook for the fourth year( Philippines: SD Publications, Inc. , 2004), P. 109. How to cite Benefits and Hazard of Radiation, Papers

Changes in the Nursing Intervention-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Mental Health Nursing Practice and delivery has changed significantly over the past two decades in Caring for young people and people from different Cultures. Critically analyse how these Changes have affected the Clinical. Answer: Introduction: Varity of new models and strategies are emerging for providing nursing interventions to young people. These models and strategies are mainly emerged out of the problems encountered while providing nursing intervention to the young people. Changes in the nursing interventions to the young people were fixed after the discussion among different stakeholders like clinicians and service users. There should be breaking of barriers between primary, community and health services for the implementation of changes in the nursing intervention for young people. Body: Changes in the nursing practice for the young people were established after identifying problems in the nursing practice for young people. In most of the places, nursing interventions were used to be provided for the acute care. At the same time, chronic care used to be neglected for young people. This may be due to more number of admissions of young people in the acute care. However, recently equal attention was being given to the chronic care of young people. Most of the general practitioners are not well versed with management of the young people. Hence, specialist doctors for young people were incorporated in the management of the young people (Gill et al., 2014). Rights of young people stated that young people should receive same type treatment as adults. New models have been developed to integrate hospitals and community or social groups to provide nursing interventions to young people. These types models proved helpful in augmenting satisfaction among the young people about he althcare services. Financial and resource pressures had significant impact on treatment of young people. Several policies were made and special budget was allocated for the treatment of young people. New models for the management young people are mainly focused on the identifying needs of the young people and their parents. Community assessment for identifying health problems of young people helped in providing early treatment and preventive management. This assessment also helped in providing specialist healthcare professional and making availability of necessary resources (Weil et al., 2015). New models for young people are also helpful in identifying how effectively these healthcare services are being utilized by young people and their parents. Different community settings are being developed for providing nursing intervention to the young people. However, it would be difficult to provide high quality healthcare services at each community setting. Multidisciplinary teams are being incorporated and health records of young people are being maintained. Different factors like developmental stage, epidemiology, culture and socio-economic status are being considered in the new models of healthcare services to young people. These factors proved useful in providing healthcare services to young people. However, there may be discrimination in providing healthcare services based on social and economic status of the young people. Young people need to be transitioned to the adult unit based on the developmental stage of the young people. However, after transition to the adult unit, y oung people should be provided with same treatment as adult. At the same tiem, their compatibility in the adult unit should be considered. In recent past, there is increasing trend of involvement of parents in the treatment of young people. It would be helpful in improving adherence of young people to the treatment. At the same time, educational and psychological status of the parents need to be considered while incorporating them in the management of young people. Uneducated and psychologically ill parents cannot provide correct information about the medication to the young people (Wolfe et l., 2013). It is evident that due to implementation of changes in healthcare strategies helped in reducing mortality rates in all health issues like injuries, non-communicable diseases and communicable diseases. Despite this, non-communicable diseases are responsible for more mortality of young people as compared to the communicable diseases. Therefore, it is evident that chronic disease management in young people is still neglected as compared to the acute diseases. It has been observed that there is decrease in the cases of mental health, nutritional deficiency and back and neck pain. There has been increase in the quality of care in the young people due to proper documentation of the nursing interventions. There has been improvement in the health promotion and prevention of health issues. However, this health promotion is not equally distributed in all the classes of young people. These improvements in the health conditions varied among different age groups of young people. Hence, these new healthcare strategies should be optimized based on the specific age of the young people (Hargreaves et al., 2015; Viner et al., 2014). It is evident that hospitals are being used for the treatment of majority of the young people. However, treatment could have been provided at different settings. These different settings could have been more acceptable for the young people because young people might be afraid of hospitalisation. New models and strategies were being developed for the young people nursing intervention, however it is not completely clear how these models work and what are the improvements in the earlier methods of treatment of young people. Integration of the clinical needs and social determinants would be helpful in providing holistic care to the young people. Collaborative work of healthcare professional, educational professional and social worker would be helpful satisfying clinical needs and considering social determinants. However, such units are not developed where all these three stakeholders can work together. It would be difficult for them to work from the different facilities and implement tre atment strategies for the young people. While working from the different facilities, it would be difficult for them to consider emotional, educational, family and social problems of the young people. New treatment strategies for young people considered epidemiological aspects, however parents habits like smoking, drug addiction and alcohol consumption are not considered in providing treatment strategies for young people. These aspects could have negative impact on health of young people due to physical and psychological effect (Hargreaves and Viner, 2012; James et al., 2014). Conclusion: Changes in the nursing intervention to the young people are implemented based on the requirements of the patients. Systematic assessment was performed to understand their requirements. Health and social workers were integrated to provide holistic care to young people. Shift in the care of young people from acute care to chronic care was achieved with changes in the nursing intervention. A definitive system was developed to implement network based approach. It resulted in decrease in mortality rate. However, still few gaps are there in the care of young people. These gaps need to be assessed and solution should be provided to fill these gaps. References: Gill, P.J., ONeill, B., Rose, P., Mant, D., and Harnden, A. (2014). Primary care quality indicators for children: measuring quality in UK general practice. British Journal of General Practice, 64(629), e7527. Hargreaves, D.S., Elliott, M.N., Viner, R.M., Richmond, T.K., and Schuster, M.A. (2015) Unmet health care need in US adolescents and adult health outcomes, Pediatrics, 136(3), 51320. Hargreaves, D.S., and Viner, R.M. (2012). Childrens and young peoples experience of the National Health Service in England: a review of national surveys 20012011. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 97(7), 6616. James, S. R., Nelson, K., and Ashwill, J. (2014). Nursing Care of Children - E-Book: Principles and Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Viner, R.M., Hargreaves, D.S., Coffey, C., Patton, G.C., and Wolfe, I. (2014). Deaths in young people aged 024 years in the UK compared with the EU15+ countries, 19702008: analysis of the WHO Mortality Database. Lancet, 384(9946), 88092. Weil, L.G., Lemer, C., Webb , E., and Hargreaves, D.S. (2015). The voices of children and young people in health: where are we now?. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 100(10), 9157. Wolfe, I., Thompson, M., Gill, P., Tamburlini, G., Blair, M., van den Bruel, A., and McKee, M. (2013). Health services for children in western Europe. Lancet, 381, 122434.

PG, McDonalds and KFC Companies in the Saudi Arabian Market

Management differs from one organization to another due to the differences in size and income. Multinationals, SMEs, and global organizations have different styles of management since they deal with different cultures, employees, and clients in various areas of investment.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on PG, McDonalds and KFC Companies in the Saudi Arabian Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the global and multinational level, an organization has to adjust to international management standards in order to be successful in business. Organizations like McDonalds, KFC, and PG operate at global and multinational levels and this forces them to promote international human resource and ethics management (Shankar 12). The purpose of this discussion is to analyze the position of PG, McDonalds, and KFC in the Saudi Arabian market. PG’s Foreign Investment in Saudi Arabia PG is a multinational organization with branches in most parts of the world. Initially, it avoided Saudi Arabia due to the stringent business rules that the government had set on people. After opening up the market to the rest of the world, many organizations, including PG, showed interest in Saudi Arabia. PG chose Saudi Arabia since the country is a key business hub for the Middle East. Many people associate with Saudi Arabia when conducting oil deals, and they would probably take interest in other industries like PG operating in the country. Secondly, PG considered the availability of raw materials for its products.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Saudi Arabia has affordable materials extracted from crude oil to make candles, soap, and other products that PG manufactures. Besides availability of affordable labor, ready buyers, and raw materials, PG opted for Saudi Arabia due to the availability of dis tributors of its products. Abudawood Trading Company Limited is a distributor of PG products and the company formed a joint venture with Proctor and Gamble to increase awareness of PG products in Saudi Arabia (Buckman 24). Finally, Saudi Arabia promotes growth of many organizations in terms of publicity and income generation owing to its huge population. Pepsis Improvement in Saudi Arabia After entering the Saudi Arabian market, Pepsi identified various strategies of survival in the market that the government initially closed to foreign investors. After a conclusive SWOT and PESTEL analysis, Pepsi developed workable measures of remaining relevant in the competitive economy. Pepsi invests in quality marketing, branding, and packaging since its greatest rival Coca-Cola equally provides similar services. In order to be unique, the company introduced Pepsi diet, which has fiber that helps in reducing weight gain, and improving health. Health consciousness is a major concern in Saudi Ara bia, which the Muslim religion strongly supports. In Saudi Arabia, Islam deters residents from consuming alcohol or pork, as they consider such foods as unhealthy. The same applies to high calorie content foods and soft drinks that contain high levels of sugar, preservatives, and carbon.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on PG, McDonalds and KFC Companies in the Saudi Arabian Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pepsi realized such concerns and developed Pepsi diet to increase consumer consciousness about health while enjoying soft drinks. In its adverts, Pepsi uses Saudi locals and celebrities in order to increase consumer association with the products that it manufactures in the country (Cho and Moon 41). Recommendations for KFC in Beating Competitors KFC needs to learn the things that are unique to Saudi Arabians that other countries do not consider in order to provide better services as consumers expect. For instance, KFC should not ignore religion, dressing, language, and etiquette, as they are vital to Saudi residents. KFC has strengths over competitors like Albaik since it has many branches across the world. Albaik has no branches outside Jeddah, which reduces its chances of gaining publicity over KFC. Another strength that KFC needs to capitalize on is the fact that Albaik does not respond to concerns raised over fast foods. KFC equally sells processed fast food, but it serves portions of salads, non-alcoholic wines, fresh juices, and low calorie foods. Albaik does not recognize the significance of changing the styles of manufacturing foods owing to transforming consumer demands. This gives KFC an advantage over rivals in the Saudi Arabian market, which the company needs to recognize. KFC needs to employ many Saudi residents instead of importing workers from the US. Corporate social responsibility is about providing employment opportunities, tax payment, and ability to care for the social and geographic environments (Sims 32).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will definitely make KFC trustworthy to prospective consumers and will enable it gain competitive advantage over competitors. McDonald Company A multinational company operates in more than one country in terms of establishing different branches across the world. A global company has a single headquarter, but uses technology to respond to consumer needs. In essence, McDonald is a global multinational company headquartered in the US, but with many branches across the world. It has over 34,000 outlets operating in different countries in the world. Moreover, it has franchises in the US and communicates to other clients through social media, its website, and online marketing tactics. This makes it a global company that uses technology to interact with consumers from different parts of the world. McDonald has branches in the US, the UK, parts of Africa, Asia, and Middle East (Pride, Hughes, and Kapoor 84). Physical investment and the ability to learn new cultures by paying for licens es in countries of investment make it a multinational corporation. Companies combine both global and multinational techniques in order to acquire the highest number of consumers willing to purchase products from the company. Being a multinational company is more costly as opposed to being a global company per se (Pride, Hughes, and Kapoor 82). A global company spends limited resources in marketing, tax payment, and shipping. On the other hand, it becomes difficult to develop trustworthy relationships with the target population. Companies and Internationalization Internationalization links SMEs to multinationals making it easy to share information, resources, or even form mergers. PG entered the Saudi Arabian market in 1955, and this expanded its international connections. It merged with Abudawood Trading Company Limited, which expanded its market share in the country. Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) is an example of an organization that benefits from internationalization. It established a strong presence in the Gulf region and Asia even though the corporation does not deal in oil. Saudi Arabian Aramco is another example of an organization that strives to attain international recognition (Shankar 42). These organizations realized that cultural barriers deter effective trade between Saudi Arabia and the international countries. Such corporations deal with foreign countries in Europe and America differently since cultural appreciation is an important element of business management. FDI vs. Portfolio Management Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to the possibility of an enterprise to own 10%+1 of an overseas business investment. On the other hand, portfolio management refers to a company’s investment in its own business. For instance, when PG trades with Abudawood Trading Company Limited, it has investments in a foreign company, Saudi Arabia. FDI Advantages Companies easily develop mutually beneficial relationships with other countries throug h FDI. This enables them to brand position their commodities in the country given that the other company that understands the prevailing market conditions can always market their commodities of the foreign company. Increase in international relations promotes sales, which increases profits for an organization (Pride, Hughes, and Kapoor 61). FDI makes it easy for a foreign organization to understand the political, social, and political environments of the target market before opting to invest in the country completely. Corporations get competitive advantage over rivals that operate independently. FDI is important for the local and foreign companies involved in the agreement. FDI Disadvantages FDI involves interactions between different organizational cultures, which might cause conflicts between the involved organizations. The corporation that owns over 10% of the foreign company’s assets may dominate the group while adding no value to the union. FDI is about risk taking in co mparison to portfolio management that many organizations from advanced countries use. Under portfolio management, people who understand the organizational culture including financial organizations and the government play a role in ensuring that the invested money is safe. Finally, through FDI, it can be difficult to transform some assets into cash when emergencies occur. PG’s FDI in Saudi Arabia Proctor and Gamble realized that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a responsibility and an opportunity at the same time. In essence, while taking an advantage of the investment opportunity, it needed to exercises various precautions. First, PG assessed the environment of investment, which included Saudi Arabian political, social, technological, and economic position. This enabled the company to understand that the negative environmental factors were fewer as opposed to the positive elements. Notably, the study gave PG good reasons to seek a distributor (Shankar 33). Secondly, PG made an individual entry into the new market and assessed all other organizations, but settled on Abudawood Trading Company Limited. This follows its ability to trust the other company after assessing their performance in the market since inception. Additionally, PG officials met with Abudawood Trading Company Limited officials for negotiations. PG trusted Abudawood Trading Company Limited after working with it as a distributor for a long time. During negotiations, PG considered the importance of signing agreements that favor both firms. The greatest element of consideration for PG was sustainability in Saudi Arabia and the possibility of increasing the consumer base. PG considered a growth opportunity in Saudi Arabia, and since Abudawood Trading Company Limited understood clearly the market conditions, it definitely provided the best guidance to PG. Finally, PG looked at diversity, availability of affordable raw materials, availability of human resources, and costs of production (Dunni ng 18). Egypt’s Economic System Closed economic systems normally prevent foreign investors from establishing corporations in their countries. Egypt is the exact difference of a closed system since investors can easily establish brands in Egypt, but the challenge is that nobody cares about investment activities. Political instability and poor trade policies make it difficult to trust Egypt, especially when dealing with FDI cases. Egypt has a laissez faire system in which nobody really controls the economy (Kaplan 74). Studies indicated that it has the unrestricted system in which many government bureaucrats use taxes for personal gain. Many middle class residents pay taxes, but few rich people benefit from such efforts. Egyptians need thorough knowledge on financial management so that they can take control of the economy instead of leaving it to a few bureaucrats. Uncontrolled markets have significant impacts on Egyptians including increase in unemployment rates, increase in t axation, inflation, and increase in national debts. Egypt’s Benefits by Gaining Admission to GCC Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) consists of oil producing countries that invest within the Gulf area, Europe, and Asia. GCC provides rules that govern member states in order to establish high discipline levels. GCC ensures that the involved countries ensure that conflicts within a country do not interfere with trade. This helps in stabilizing the economy even in moments of conflict or inflation. Egypt needs to join GCC in order to acquire the status of other states like Kuwait, UAE, and Saudi Arabia. GCC sets clear standards concerning management of oil reservoirs and companies, and this reduces confusions over ownership of various oil fields. Hazem al-Beblawi, Egypt’s deputy prime minister, displayed interest in the proposal that seeks to incorporate Egypt in GCC. He understands that Egypt needs to interact with countries that will support it with financial information. Suc h levels of empowerment will help the country reduce its budget deficit and promote self-employment in order to reduce the unemployment gap (Kaplan 74). Risks of FDI in Egypt As mentioned earlier, FDI is a risk measure, but a corporation needs to assess the political and socio-economic environments. The past political unrests in Egypt made the country economically unstable. Government bureaucracy and budget deficit in Egypt make companies unstable and a merger with such companies poses a threat to foreign corporations. Companies that apply portfolio management may succeed in their operation. For instance, when inflation occurs, a company can sell its assets quickly and recover the funds (Dunning 47). An unstable economy like Egypt keeps changing and FDI becomes risky since it would be impossible to recover invested funds in another corporation that might be experiencing losses (Kaplan 19). FDI is only possible in closed and capitalist markets that have certain levels of control. The Egyptian economy lacks proper management, thus posing security risks for investment-oriented institutions. Works Cited Buckman, Greg. Globalization tame it or scrap it?. Dhaka [Bangladesh: University Press ;, 2004. Print. Cho, Tong, and Hwy Moon. From Adam Smith to Michael Porter evolution of competitiveness theory. Singapore: World Scientific Pub., 2001. Print. Dunning, John H.. Multinational enterprises and the global economy. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley, 19921993. Print. Kaplan, Leslie C.. Economy and industry in ancient Egypt. New York: PowerKids Press, 2004. Print. Pride, William M., Robert James Hughes, and Jack R. Kapoor. Business. Sixth ed. Mason: South-Western Cengage, 2012. Print. Shankar, Venkatesh. Handbook of marketing strategy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub., 2012. Print. Sims, Ronald R.. Ethics and corporate social responsibility why giants fall. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2003. Print. This coursework on PG, McDonalds and KFC Companies in the Saudi Arabian Market was written and submitted by user Madeline Albert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Persian Jews essays

Persian Jews essays Paradise, a term meaning a place or condition of beauty or happiness, is a good term to describe the times when the Jews of Iran were prospering. During the sixth century B.C.E., King Nebucchadnezzar of Babylon conquered Judea and exiled the Jews to surrounding regions. This marked the start of the Jews in Iran, and history shows that the Jews went though both good and bad times in Iran. To this day, there exists a significant population of Jews in Iran. For most of the period, between the times of Cyrus the Great in 550 B.C.E. to the end of the Sasanian dynasty in 642 C.E., the Jews of Iran did not experience prosperity and suffering due to their religious beliefs, rather this occurred due to the decision made by the Iranian leaders for their own Iranian interest. This paper will emphasize the lives of Judeo-Iranians after their exile from Judea by King Nebucchadnezzar to the time of the Muslim invasion in the seventh century. This paper is divided into three sections to make the paper more accessible to the reader, similar to Habib Levys book. Each section will be relevant to a significant time for the people Iran. The Good Times: The Achaemenid Dynasty [550 B.C.E. 330 B.C.E.] In 550 B.C.E., Cyrus the Great, the third descendent from the Achaemenid family came to power and established the Persian Empire (Olmstead, Pg. 39). Cyrus the Great is portrayed as a smart, noble, and ideal character in Persian history. He is the greatest and most powerful leader in Persian history (Levy, Pg. 45). During his reign, he conquered Babylon, and created an empire stretching from the borders of India to the Mediterranean (Seltzer, Pg. 113). Cyrus respected the faiths of all nations and peoples (Levy, Page46). He freed all the Babylonian captives, including the Jewish captives, and allowed the return of the Jews to Judea to build a new temple (Levy, Pg. 46). There are many passages in the Old Testament regarding...

Team Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Assignment - Essay Example It advocates for doing the right thing regardless of whether it is causing any harm. In regards to the theories the leading advocates include; Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) who started the utilitarianism. He stated that the morally upright thing to do is that of not harming other people and bringing about happiness. Other Classical Utilitarianism starters include Richard Cumberland (1631-1718), John Gay (1699-1745). On the other hand Kantianism theory was introduced by Immanuel Kant (Melden, 2008). Cultural relativism is defined as a standard initiated by Franz Boaz which indicates that people’s ideas and opinions are factual in accordance to the civilization they are in. Cultural relativism shows that customs, beliefs as well as ethics that are related to a person in the society he is in. simply put is that wrong and right are classified in terms of a person’s culture (Melden, 2008). It shows that no culture is better than the other. In regards to individual relativism this means that a person’s beliefs and opinions are strictly what they believe to be true. Individual relativists usually take what he believes in extremely seriously. Looking at the comparison to the ethical relativism to the traditional theories is easy to see that there are some distinctive differences and some similarities. By definition ethical relativism means that there is a tendency of people making decisions that are ethical based on what they see fit in accordance to their beliefs. Traditional approaches can be classified into two; consequentialism and non-consequentialism (Melden, 2008). Consequentialism means that actions that are right or wrong depend on the consequences; on the other hand non-consequentialism dictates that a wrong or right action does not depend on the consequences. In light of this ethical relativism contradicts with the traditional theories in that the beliefs are not based on the culture one comes

Cross-Cultural Communication and Negotiation--Development of a Essay

Cross-Cultural Communication and Negotiation--Development of a Learning Journal - Essay Example Good examples of these jobs are legal jobs and investment banking as well as low skilled, low wage jobs such as hairdressing and shop assistants. The jobs mentioned in the example are of the kind where the individuals have to be present for any work to get done, and because of this, there will always be a ready supply of such workers. As globalization continues to take place, this pool of workers will be greatly increased and this will ensure that more competitive wages are offered for their services. Due to online learning resources, many people all over the world will have the same quality of education as that received in many western countries and in the process, there will be a very high level of competition for the similar jobs. Furthermore, Gratton further states that the advantage that the West had in giving a high quality of education to its people will soon be eroded due to the fact that many of its best learning institutions are going online making it easier for those in poorer countries to gain the same type of education. It is said that since many jobs are nowadays increasingly being done online, then the high availability of labor for such jobs because of access to the internet will give equal opportunities to people in very remote areas of the world as those who live in cities such as New York. Moreover, many people from poorer countries will have a greater access to the more prosperous cities in the world as they will get attracted to them in order to earn a better living. This means that many cities will develop a more cosmopolitan environment, with people and cultures from all over the world coming together in one place. People will no longer find it necessary to travel to the countries where the headquarters of a company is for them to be able to work for it and instead, they will be able to do so from the comfort of their own homes in their own countries. Gratton further states that due to globalization, a new breed of worker, who

Development of Early Child Narratology

Development of Early Child Narratology Aims: I aim to evaluate how the structure and composition of early child narratology develops and evolves with age. To conduct this evaluation I will approach local primary schools for examples of short narrative texts written by Key stage 1 pupils (4-7), to serve as empirical data. I will assess these texts by employing the six part Labovian narrative model and analysing the presence and frequency of narrative components, evaluative temporal indicators and markers. Background: This study builds on many other works as the Labovian model is now frequently used to assess narratology in children, (see Kernan, 1977; Eaton, Collis and Lewis, 1999). The idea of linguistic and narrative development in children is also a popular issue. One study that specifically charts the evolution of child narrative with age is â€Å"Telling stories of experiences: Narrative development of young Chinese children† a study by Chien-JuChang in which young Chinese children were visited in their homes at age 3 years and 6 months and then at 3 month intervals for the next 9 months. Their individual development in three key areas (narrative structure, evaluation, and temporality) was evaluated with the conclusion that â€Å"Chinese children, generally speaking, include more narrative components, evaluative information, and temporal markers in their narratives over time. However, the growth patterns and rates of change for each child on each narrative measure vary.† Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that as a child is introduced to more narrative texts, and comes to identify narrative components, that he or she will employ them more frequently and more readily in their own narratives. Thus, I hypothesise that there will be a marked increase both in the inclusion of these features in individual narratives and in the cohesion between the narratives of the evaluated children (their similarity to each other) in the older age ranges, as they adapt and adhere to literary and narrative norms. I believe that there will be a greater proliferation of linguistic devices and conventions, as well as more narrative components, in the older childrens narratives. Although I will not specifically be studying the effects of ethnicity or socio-economic background I believe that these factors will skew the data slightly as my hypothesis centres on the fact that the children will have been exposed to similar volumes and types of narrative material. This may well not be the case for pupils from a different cultural background or a less affluent family environment. Data: The data I will use for this investigation will be collected from local and, hopefully, schools which are more widely distributed throughout the country, to give a representative sample of empirical data. I will approach the schools to provide short texts from every early years age group so that I have approximately 50-100 short texts from pupils aged from 4 to 7 with a similar number for each age group. I will specify that I would like work from a cross section of abilities, genders, ethnicities, and socio-economic and cultural backgrounds so as to have a representative sample of narratives for an age range. I will also request that the gender, ethnicity and socio-economic group be specified for each child included in the study as, although I am not directly studying the consequences of these factors on the narratives, it would be informative and useful to see if they affect the cohesion of the data in any way. All texts will be included as an appendix to the final extended essay and the appropriate permissions will be obtained from the schools and, if necessary, from the parents of the children whose work is used. Methodology: As previously defined I will employ the Labovian 6 part narrative model to assess the texts. This will be both a quantitative and qualitative analysis as it will deal not only with the evolution in the number of narrative components in each text but also their function and type. The results of the analyses will be presented in tabulated form. Initially I will fill in a table to give the main characteristics of each narrative and then tabulate the overall results. An example of a narrative text and a simplified table are given as an appendix. My work so far: I have investigated a number of studies covering similar subject areas and approached schools in my local area to see if they would be willing to provide samples of work The response so far is encouraging. I have also obtained some examples of writing from neighbourhood children and analysis of these texts seems to back my hypothesis thus far. Naturally I will be unsure until I study the larger volumes of empirical data foreseen by my study. Timescale: Owing to the complexity of obtaining the data and analysing it, this project will be quite time consuming. I believe I will require one month to obtain the work and the various permissions and a further month to analyse the texts and tabulate the results. I will then need a further two weeks to present my conclusions, draft and check the final copy. Annotated Bibliography Applebee, Arthur 1978. â€Å"The Childs Concept Of Story: Ages Two To Seventeen†. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. This book defines the â€Å"interaction of children and stories†. Various chapters discuss the stories told by primary school children, their organisation and motivation as well as children’s responses to stories and story telling. It also contains a number of appendices giving information about the methods for data collection and analysis employed by Applebee throughout his investigations. Chang, Chien-Ju 2004: â€Å"Telling stories of experiences: Narrative development of young Chinese children† Applied Psycholinguistics, 25: 83-104 Cambridge University Press This presents a study in which young Chinese children were visited in their homes at age 3 years and 6 months and then at 3 month intervals for the next 9 months and their individual development in three key areas (narrative structure, evaluation, and temporality) assessed. Gutierrez Clellen, V. F., Quinn, R. (1993). Assessing narratives of children from diverse cultural/linguistic groups. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 24, 2-9. This article discusses the issues surrounding cultural and ethnic background and the impact on a child’s narrative development. This supports my claim that linguistic and narration conventions are learnt and states â€Å"narrative contextualization processes are culture-specific† Kernan, K. T. (1977). Semantic and expressive elaboration in childrens narratives. C. Mitchell-Kernan and S.Ervin-Tripp (Eds.), Child Discourse. New York: Academic Press, 91-102. This paper was presented at the Child Discourse Symposium at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (Mexico City, Mexico, November 1974) and presents a theoretical and ground breaking discussion of children’s narrative discourse and the acquisition of discourse competencies. Labov, William., and Waletzky, Joshua. 1967. â€Å"Narrative analysis: oral versions of personal experience.† Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, ed. June Helm, 12-44. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Seminal and scholarly text discussing the basics of narrative analysis detailing the six point model, etc. Pena E. D., Gillam R. B., Malek M., Ruiz-Felter R., Resendiz M., Fiestas C., and Sabel T. : Dynamic Assessment of School-Age Childrens Narrative Ability: An Experimental Investigation of Classification Accuracy J Speech Lang Hear Res, October1,2006; 49(5): 1037 1057. This article provides useful and information about analysing the â€Å"macrostructural and microstructural aspects of language form and content† (in this case in narratives given by first and second grade students describing a picture book.) Appendix one – example narrative (direct transcript) On Saturday, Daddy, Mummy, Jamie and me went to the park to go on the swings. It was really cold so Daddy bought me and Jamie a hot chocolate to warm us up. It was really funny because Jamie dropped his down his jumper and had to wear Daddy’s jumper. It was to(sic) big for him and he looked really funny. I went on the swings and the roundabout and the slide and then Jamie and me sat on one side of the sea(sic) saw while Daddy sat on the other. Mummy took pictures of us. Then we went to the sweet shop and bought some jelly babies. They are my Mummys favourite and I like them to(sic). Then we went home and watched ice age 2 and then we had tea. Then we went to bed. We all had a lovely day and Daddy said it was nice that me and Jamie didn’t shout at each other. Jenny, age 6 Example tabulation Table 1 – Labovian concepts Table 2 Common markers Used by the child in her narrative